Risks of air pollution on human health

Dr Majd



Statistics show a recent interview, "the World Health Organization," a few days ago that two million people die each year from air pollution as a result of inhaling polluted air, gases and Palmalqat or small particles in indoor and outdoor air resulting from air pollution in many of the pollutants and gases invasive and harmful.


It is worth mentioning that the sum of these particles, called "PM10" is a particle with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less, which can access to the lungs and enter the bloodstream, and is able to cause heart disease and lung cancer, asthma and infections of acute respiratory bottom. And have, in some countries, measurements of particles smaller, such as PM2.5, has identified the principles of the World Health Organization air quality guidelines for the annual average which should not be exceeded with respect to those particles which is 20 micrograms per cubic meter, but the data published today shows that the average, in some cities 300 mg / m 3.
Definition of air pollutant harmful to human health:


Is the air that has a solid, liquid or gaseous extraneous quantities lead to the damage directly or indirectly to human health.

Sources of air pollution

Sources of air pollution are divided into two main sources:


Natural sources:
The sources from which no income for a person by a (gas rising from the soil and volcanoes, forest fires and dust storms and wind), and these sources are usually limited and not serious harm.


Abnormal sources:
Which is caused by or caused to occur in the human is more dangerous than the former concern and interest where the components are many and varied and caused an imbalance in the composition of natural air, as well as in the ecological balance.


And has released "World Health Organization" since the days of an unprecedented array of air quality data which show that air pollution was, in many cities, dangerous levels threaten people's health. And that data derived from about 1,100 cities in 91 countries, including the capitals and cities are home to more than 100,000 inhabitants.

The following is a brief mention of the key findings in the new data set:


• the continuing rise in the levels of pollution and harmful gases, fine particles are common in many urban areas. Which arises from the burning of fuel sources, such as power plants and motor vehicles or an old diesel-powered "diesel."

• above-average annual exposure to the vast majority of the population of urban areas for PM10 particles the maximum level recommended in the principles of the World Health Organization guidelines for air quality and the 20 micrograms / m 3. Unfortunately, there is now general, only a few cities that satisfy the values ??contained in the guidelines mentioned.

• It is estimated that the number of premature deaths that could be caused by outdoor air pollution was, in 2008, including more than 1.34 million deaths. Been met, even if the principles of the WHO guidelines at the global level it is possible to prevent around 1.09 million deaths in that year.

The number of de
aths that can be caused by air pollution in cities compared with the estimated increase recorded in 2004 and of 1.15 million deaths. And there is a link between the increase in deaths attributable to air pollution in urban areas between urban and recently recorded increases in the concentrations of air pollution in the urban population.
She said, "Dr. Maria Neira," Director of Public Health and Environment World Health Organization:


 "The air pollution from environmental health issues key and we must make more efforts to reduce the health burden caused. If we monitor and manage the environment properly, we can reduce the number of people suffering from respiratory diseases, heart disease and lung cancer.

It is noticeable, all over the world, that urban air is often thick and has a vapor or smoke saturated with toxins and emitted by the transport mechanisms of old or those running on diesel also contains soot, "air-saturated coal-black" and resulting from heavy machinery, factories, power plants near cities.

In many countries there are no laws governing air quality and there, in the countries where those laws, a significant difference between the national standards and enforcement mechanisms. "


Raise awareness about health risks from air pollution

I have called "the World Health Organization" to raise awareness about health risks of air pollution in metropolitan areas and to tight surveillance by governments and the populations of those cities and not to acquiesce to any activity that damage the air that Istnhqoh, and to implement effective policies and to monitor the situation more closely .

 It is expected to contribute to reducing the annual average of PM10 particles of 70 micrograms / m 3 to 20 micrograms / m 3 in reducing the mortality rate by 15%, which is a great asset in the field of public health. But in places with higher levels of pollution will reduce the annual average of less effective in reducing mortality, but it will also be significant health benefits.


He said, "Dr. Carlos Dora" coordinated interventions for the environments health in the Department of Public Health and Environment at WHO, "The solutions to resolve the problems of outdoor air pollution in cities will be different according to the relative contribution of the sources of pollution, and stage of development, topography communities. Must be for cities to use information contained in the database of the World Health Organization to monitor trends in air pollution so you can identify effective interventions and improved and strengthened. "


Factors that contribute significantly to air pollution:


One of the main factors that contribute to outdoor air pollution in cities, in developed and developing countries alike:

• The motorized means of transport or the old diesel-powered "diesel"

• large and small factories nearby cities and private cement plants.

• burning of waste of all kinds.

• power plants.

• quarries and stone crushers near cities.

• agricultural activity and that the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers origin.

• Population Activity, which houses the remnants of gaseous substances and solid and liquid.

I have said since the days of "Dr. Michael Krizanowski" head of the WHO Centre for the European Environment and Health, located in the city of Bonn, Germany, including the following:
 "The actions of local and national policies and international agreements are all necessary means to reverse the pollution and reducing the prevalence of health effects on a large scale. And issued from the data from air quality monitoring, we can identify the areas most needed to the procedures in this area and we can also assess the effectiveness of policies and procedures that have been implemented. "


Disposal methods and the prevention of air pollution:

1 - requiring all factories in the (private and public sector) to set up units for filtering and processing Makhlavadtha Oasalbh dust or gas or liquid.

2 - use of unleaded gasoline and fuel oil sulfur-free.

3 - control of all means of transportation, public, and ensure the safety of their engines and burning fuel properly.

4 - remove all plants from the cities and places of residence.

5 - wastewater treatment by modern scientific methods.

6 - the use of clean energy alternative to fossil fuels (coal and fuel oil ..).

7 - use of pesticides and fertilizers with organic source, and not chemical.

8 - control of factories and production activities with older technologies, contaminated and Taattoerha.

9 - Increase wooded areas within cities, which must be not less than 40% of the area of ??the city, in addition to the cultivation of green belts surround it.

10 - not to give any license to a new industrial Aatakid terms of preserving the integrity of human health and the environment.


In conclusion we can say that any air pollution caused by car or any vehicle or any industrial activity, agriculture is of a truth source for the dissemination of poison and death, which would harm no others, but also will damage the Palmspb them and generations, and the environment and all life forms.

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Five most dangerous foods on human health!!!

French fries:

Contain potatoes fried at a high level of calories and fat, which contains 1 gram of fried potatoes, more than 3 calories and more than 51 grams of fat addition, the exposing potatoes to high temperatures in frying leads to the formation of compounds "Aalakouglamed" and which is compounds carcinogenic to animals and most likely for humans as well and when you add salt to the fried potatoes, it also become harmful for those suffering from high blood pressure, and believed that the slice of sweet potato may be more damage from a single cigarette.

Soft drinks:




The soft drink is a healthy and nutritional value low for many reasons in addition to that it contains high amounts of caffeine they contain a large amount of sugar to one pack of soft drinks, "diet free of Alsek and calories but they contain sweeteners artificial unhealthy, especially if consumed high quantities on the other hand contain soft drinks large amounts of phosphorus, which adversely affects the calcium balance in the body and this increases the probability of infecting a person with osteoporosis has been linked to many studies consumption of soft drinks raise risk of broken bones as well as diabetes type II.

. Foods that contain artificial dyes:

With the natural colors in vegetables and fruits is a vehicle with anti-cancer properties, but the artificial colorings in the juice stained Sucker clothing, ice cream color is in most cases, chemical compounds have damage to serious health ranging from causing tumors and difficulty in concentration sensitivities of the various defects in the thyroid gland.

4. Such as internal organs (liver, spleen, kidney, tongue, Alkrchat)


The internal organs of all animals contain very high amounts of Alkolstorl which contributes to hardening of the arteries narrow, and are advised to consume the internal organs in the intervals not exceeding four times a year by persons who either suffer from high cholesterol level advised to be dropped to avoid Aldakhilh member.


5 solid fat at room temperature, such as plant and animal obesity, butter and margarine:


That these types of solid fats raises the level of LDL cholesterol and this is contributing to the hardening and narrowing of the arteries, it is advisable to refrain from the consumption of fat and avoid foods that contain like most kinds of sweets Eastern and Western the other hand are advised to replace the fat, solid fat, liquid, such as other vegetable oils, especially oil olive, which is the best.


With regard to Balmadan and obesity plant although it is free of cholesterol because it is vegetarian but not less harm to the butter and obesity, the municipality, because the installation of fat causes hardening of the arteries in addition to that created many of the studies the relationship between the consumption of solid fats and the prospects for a higher risk of developing diabetes type II.

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Drug-resistant TB spreads at risk in Europe

Britain introduced a program to do X-ray examinations of domestic

 

World Health Organization warned of the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis at an alarming rate throughout Europe.

Showed the FAO estimates that there are about 81 thousand TB in Europe each year do not respond to treatment with antibiotics.


 The organization says that the disease develops which is more acute in Eastern Europe, especially in Russia, Ukraine and Azerbaijan.

The British capital of London most affected countries in western Europe, where the record where three thousand and five hundred new cases per year.

Experts attribute the increasing incidence of resistance to non-completion of patient-dose therapy in the belief Bashvaúhm of the disease.

And d see. Ibrahim Abu-Bakr, an expert in TB control efforts, FAO said although these numbers are few, but reflect a noticeable increase in the last ten years.

He also emphasized that no organization can feel satisfied with the efforts to combat the disease.
The Abu Bakr that the cost of treatment per case could escalate to reach hundreds of thousands of pounds.
He also pointed to the importance of focusing on efforts to prevent transmission of the disease.
He urged the doctors and staff in emergency departments more cautious in dealing with cases that are suspected of being infected with TB.

Referred to the TB infection is transmitted through the air and causes of death in about 7 percent of the cases, while the mortality rate among patients who made up in their bodies resistant to treatment rises to 50 percent.



The organization commended the efforts of Britain, which now offers new services to fight TB, including use of mobile units for the X-ray examination to visit patients at home.

Some experts believe that control efforts should not focus only on immigrants, or prison inmates, but will expand to include all those who are most vulnerable to injury

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Reach for the disarmament of the AIDS virus?

Scientists find way to disarm the AIDS virus
aids-logo

LONDON (Reuters)


Scientists have found a way to prevent AIDS virus from destroying the immune system and say the discovery may provide a new approach to develop a vaccine for the prevention of the deadly disease.


The scientists concluded from the United States and Europe working in the laboratory of HIV that the virus becomes capable of destroying the immune system in the case of the removal of cholesterol from Gchaúh.

Adriano said Boisson from Imperial College London, who led the study, "It's like the army has weapons but still has the flags of the army can identify him and another attack."

The team plans now to discuss how to use this method to eliminate the virus and may develop a vaccine.

Usually when a person becomes infected (virus. No. In) that causes AIDS, the immune response, innate defense of the body immediately. But some researchers believe that the AIDS virus makes the innate immune system over-reaction. This weakens the next line of defense for the immune system known as adaptive immune response.

During the study, published in the journal (blood) "Blood" on Monday, a team Boisson to remove cholesterol from the membrane surrounding the virus only to find that this is to prevent the virus from the operation of the innate immune system. This in turn led to stronger adaptive response regulated by the type of immune cells known as T cells.

AIDS kills about 1.8 million people annually around the world. And injured as many as 2.6 million people with HIV in 2009 and 33.3 million live with HIV infected person.

Try and scientists from companies and nonprofit organizations and governments around the world for many years to produce a vaccine against HIV, but so far not been achieved only limited success.


A study in Thailand in 2009 included 16 000 volunteers for the first time that a vaccine can prevent HIV infection in a small number of people, but because the efficiency was about 30 percent, the researchers had to return to the beginning of the road.



Kate Kelland

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The discovery of water in the desert of the Gulf?

Aeronautics and Space Administration "NASA" explore the desert of the Gulf waters

  

 Announced the world in the U.S. space agency, "NASA" The success of the first experiment in the desert of the Gulf to study the evolution of groundwater in the Middle East. The world said Essam Heggy in a statement on Sunday that a research team from the "NASA" use advanced technology to monitor the depth of ground water in the desert of Kuwait, the same technique used to explore the water beneath the surface of Mars.

The pilgrimage to the research team under his leadership that the use of airborne radar technology to map the groundwater in the area.

Expected to contribute to scientific research in the accurate mapping of groundwater in the depths of the desert better, as well as understanding of the development of water resources in that region, and assess the impact of climate change on them.

Haji said that the experiment took place in the desert of northern Kuwait with the participation of researchers from the Kuwait Institute for Research, led by Amr Fadl al-Mawla, and the team was able to locate underground water in large basins dry, which suggests that the desert has been active in shallow water near the geological past.

And use the research team for two weeks a helicopter to carry a radar-imaging flights low (300 meters) above the two zones of groundwater known in Kuwait, was shot water depth ranging from 20 to 65 meters, and succeeded the researchers show that the radar can determine the locations of ground water and determine depth and places with water flowing.

The pilgrimage that this effort will help to understand the development of ground water in the ground and distributions of quantities accurately, which are still not yet clear enough.

"If we were able to map the water, we can determine the climatic conditions that existed thousands of years ago when most of the desert land saturated with water."

And carries radar scanning system used in the experiment similar attributes to their campaign two spacecraft, which headed to Mars, the radar his first European spacecraft Mars Express, the second vehicle Vhmmelth sent by NASA.

The director of projects testing the air to "NASA" Craig Dobson The results of this study pave the way to draw a map of groundwater by air, in areas of severe desertification, such as desert of the Arabian Peninsula, and can in future be applied to design devices to map the groundwater in all the desert areas in the the world.

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